Extras din curs
1. Grammatical Clauses.
a. Lexical categories - N, V, A, ADV.
- Subject, Predicate, D.O, I.O (P), Modifiers (Attribute or Adverbial
modifier of something).
- Modifiers are not obligatory.
- Subject + Predicate in Agreement.
a. NP.
- People, animals, things.
- can be affixed, plural markers, case.
- Flower’s - genitive s.
- Cat, cats; mouse, mice.
- Preceded by determiners and adjectives.
- Head is a noun.
- Can’t be omitted.
b. VP.
- inflections: -s, -ing, -ed, -en.
- modals - Infinitival “to” + Infinitive.
- Adverbs can appear with auxiliaries - Have or -Be (Aspectual
auxiliaries).
- modal verbs.
- do (dummy do).
- Traits (VP).
c. PP.
- morphologically invariant - to. into.
- closed category : no new ones.
- proceed NPs.
d. Adjectival P.
- They take affixes -er, -est.
- Degree words -more/most; very/too/quite.
2. Constituents.
- Have semantic and structure (meaning).
1. Tests to identify constituents.
a. Coordination - joining constituents of some type with AND
or OR.
i. no change in meaning,
ii. same type.
1. Mary and her friends from Peru went to the
show.
b. Substitution.
i. She/him/they/do so/there.
c. Movement.
i. Interested in art, she is not.
ii. She is not interested in art.
d. Deletion.
i. Can you help me? Sure I can! _.
e. Cleft and Pseudoclefts.
i. Normal - John wrote the report yesterday.
ii. Cleft - It was John.
iii. Pseudocleft - Who wrote the report was John.
f. Though Test.
i. Although.
1. Though she is beautiful she is no queen.
a. Although she is beautiful she is no queen.
Verb Phrase.
Predicate.
- Finte.
- Verbal Predicate.
- Transitive.
- Monotransitive.
- Ditransitive.
- Place something somewhere.
- Intransitive.
- No Argument.
- unergative.
- unaccusative.
- Copulative Predicate.
- Copula BE.
- Copula-like verbs.
- Non-finite.
- Infinitives - to see.
- Gerunds - coming.
- Participles - we’ll have a picnic.
- Transitive.
- Mono 2.
- Di 3.
- Intransitive 1.
S-Selection - semantic selection.
- Read a book *Read a cucumber.
C-Selection - categorial.
- read (MP).
Preview document
Conținut arhivă zip
- Strucrura limbii englez - Morphology.pdf
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